LMIA-based permits and C16 are two common routes to an employer-specific work permit. The table below summarizes the differences from ESDC and IRCC sources.
Comparison table
| LMIA-based work permit | C16 work permit | |
|---|---|---|
| Program | Temporary Foreign Worker Program (ESDC assesses the LMIA) | International Mobility Program (IRCC) |
| Employer's steps | Advertise to Canadians first, apply for an LMIA | Submit a C16 job offer in the Employer Portal |
| Employer fee | CAD 1,000 per position (unless exempt) | CAD 230 compliance fee |
| Employer-side time | 2–8 weeks of ads plus ESDC processing (82–98 business days on average, September 2026) | No ESDC step |
| Language requirement | As the job requires | French listening and speaking at NCLC 5 |
| Work location | All of Canada (Quebec has its own process) | Outside Quebec |
| Occupations | All, with limits on low-wage jobs | TEER 0–5, except primary agriculture in TEER 4, 5 |
| Duration | High-wage up to 3 years; low-wage up to 1 year | Based on the job offer and IRCC's decision |
When to consider C16
- You have, or can reach, French listening and speaking at NCLC 5.
- The employer wants to hire faster and at lower cost, outside Quebec.
- You want to live in a community with French services and use French as an advantage toward PR.
When an LMIA is the main route
- You don't speak French.
- The job is in Quebec.
- The employer knows the LMIA process and the occupation has clear demand.
What they have in common
- Both are employer-specific permits.
- Both require the general work permit requirements (health, background, temporary intent).
- Employers have obligations and can be inspected in both.
- Workers never pay for a job offer in either.
Frequently asked questions
Glossary and official sources